121) A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables is the definition of: A) correlation. B) relationship coefficient. C) an experiment. D) replication. 122) A negative correlation means that: A) high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other. B) there is no relationship between the two variables. C) high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other. D) low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other. 123) Julie has found that the number of hours she sleeps each night is related to the scores she receives on quizzes the next day. As her sleep approaches eight hours her quiz scores improve; as her sleep drops to five hours her quiz scores show a similar decline. Julie realizes that: A) she should sleep about 10 hours a night to ensure 100% quiz grades. B) there is a positive correlation between the number of hours she sleeps and her quiz grades. C) her low quiz scores are caused by sleep deprivation the night before a quiz. D) there is a negative correlation between the number of hours she sleeps and her quiz grades. 124) Janie has found that the number of hours she sleeps each night is related to the scores she receives on quizzes the next day. As her sleep approaches eight hours her quiz scores improve; as her sleep drops to five hours her quiz scores show a similar decline. Janie realizes that: A) her low quiz scores are caused by sleep deprivation the night before a quiz. B) she should sleep about 10 hours a night to ensure 100% quiz grades. C) worrying about low quiz scores causes her to have insomnia before a quiz. D) there is a positive correlation between the number of hours she sleeps and her quiz grades. 125) The word “correlation” is often used incorrectly as a synonym for: A) relationship. B) variable. C) reliability. D) validity. 126) A correlation is a numerical measure of the: A) behaviours of subjects followed and periodically assessed over time. B) strength of the relationship between two variables. C) behaviours of subjects of different ages compared at a given time. D) unintended changes in subjects’ behaviour due to cues from the experimenter. 127) All of the following variables EXCEPT ________ show a positive correlation. A) height and weight B) school grades and I.Q. scores C) men’s educational level and their income D) average income and the incidence of dental disease 128) All of the following variables EXCEPT ________ show a negative correlation. A) the price of a car and the age of a car B) hours spent watching TV and grade point average C) average income and the incidence of dental disease D) adult shoe size and IQ scores 129) Two sets of observations assessing height and weight are compared. Which of the following is the most likely outcome? A) The two variables will be uncorrelated. B) The first variable causes the second variable. C) The two variables will be positively correlated. D) The two variables will be negatively correlated. 130) Two sets of observations assessing men’s educational level and their annual income are compared. Which of the following is the most likely outcome? A) The two variables will be uncorrelated. B) The first variable caused the second variable. C) The two variables will be positively correlated. D) The two variables will be negatively correlated.
