summarize the attached article using simple language that is was to understand
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271887/1-s2.0-S0167404820X00125/1-s2.0-S0167404820303941/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEUaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIH4fZYNEz387jTlnscB5K2eJyhj6tVcKcFE1HHnsZxA5AiAc80XdwklvRKskb84yZRPavO8qQaAyuaedzDNWcHnw6iq0AwhuEAMaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIMRpdq4sw4dE%2F8m2jyKpEDenWTq%2FhjdxSE6eWosbRAaBRnWpXgiH%2BWxDgEskVx3OCJVp3CGjp5pgisAl8bEtN76%2BGl6nyvTTrWEK3AfidGVOY4crfd0n8yN1gCacoduO%2Fnb2c29A63VA7%2B%2BPWIrdDZX4zq6AUVqcSZJJUIE3s%2FrEY%2FX6SUGzbQrUo51akL%2BW%2FlnjBx%2BIWpBdH7eLFzQ1HS3gxeQqBl8dTbdhQK1gR7vYFTzYQX2UpfaKSvKcq9bJAPy%2FA1Kij0HYheMZhnQpoTOElkRANuNbNQIgUi3oftkJUb7fOtwLWvsfMHi8q2vp4vUlr6i%2BeSTfYkRNpCVamezARGWD%2BSWw9vqrpDH9p%2BpaSGrpX4JgEvyQcwEv%2FTENhDI27kfB%2BBjROrJglgHpBDvTWlGn3vNKnEyxZ0mMvjoJSJ9ZmuWtUAHnHk4Y2SjgeZMexf8rvtu18i7wdkZbSg9rV%2F%2FeiwIzHzTRZ7%2FRYXVcuQnJbWk0OBKh8lFqTUAKEbDnZdQamfYKSAsiRADmk%2FUIGtWEVymCKStegS3JegiEownZWhggY67AGxoLA0Jwmmk6Fe3IDlSoWJ3TX72UjeGkBNqviMphhCZYGxexq4%2F9Rerro6sxXb83ksyoCXBrMZ%2FffnewACB%2FH80N3xPuDqxT4%2BqVZ%2BjXGubm35lKW%2Fhi7ZavEYdt8uUd3FLD6lgo13zlMP3eeIj%2FVUepiKLmZeeqxsin%2Fp%2FrLUaE7KV940%2BlYcfLzWoTk%2FS8%2BHirpqPcOnLJjnThjDOqKQsk1H%2BYsHw3EGJKOwzxR0wAvwaUiE3pmXOJk%2F8bKKt%2Fjp%2FYys2LcNnPg0F%2FD7S5C3W%2F2F2A1cd7c2R0sU4XFzByY5OojtlQu7VFnn6g%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20210310T053925Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY3RTZPINN%2F20210310%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=1b9db92876eac0cb7763eab50cf1a6c3864a7bd492a7a3bdaae5c5ab2c8b8a3e&hash=4c850bedfd068701868000027f5cbc5775dca14b0313d7ec674c3d1ec7571824&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S0167404820303941&tid=spdf-f9e71875-ea41-43de-83a7-9284991248da&sid=e36eb1c94a94654fdd8b4133a423240c5d9agxrqa&type=client
