Outline each of the three models of memory (approx 500 700 words per model does not have to be an even split):
MSM:
o Describe (briefly) key structures/processes (SM, STM, LTM)
o Briefly explain how model works & its main claims (3 separate, unitary stores, emphasis on rehearsal)
o Use evidence to illustrate/support (eg, studies showing differences between stores, eg, capacity, duration, encoding)
o Evaluate using evidence, eg, Clive Wearing shows multiple LTM stores, so cannot be unitary; flashbulb memories dont require rehearsal; LTM used in STM tasks
o Overly simplistic; doesnt explain how different types of info might be processed, eg, visual/acoustic (see WMM); provides good foundation for other models/research; chunking useful technique.
WMM:
o Link to MSM challenges notion of unitary, passive STM
o Describe each component (briefly)
o Provide evidence to support model & illustrate components, eg, dual-tasking, articulatory suppression tasks, evidence for central executive
o Evaluate using evidence, eg, EVR good with reasoning, bad with decision-making, so more than one central executive? Reliance on case studies (unique not generalisable); brain damaged patients no before/after comparison, brain trauma may influence performance; doesnt really explain processes; but has good application, eg, dyslexia; advancement over STM
LoP:
o Link to previous models agrees that memory is active (like WMM), but disagrees with structural models; challenges the MSMs reliance on maintenance rehearsal
o Offers alternative view memory as by-product of processing (therefore long/short-term retention, rather than long/short-term memory stores)
o Explain levels shallow vs deep processing
o Illustrate using evidence, eg, Hyde & Jenkins, Perfetti & Elias, Palmere, et al.
o Evaluate no independent measurement of depth eg, Tyler depth vs effort; circularity of argument; criticism by Eysenck that model only describes whats happening, but recent studies explain that elaborative rehearsal enriches memory by linking it into pre-existing network of semantic association.
