91. The ____ refers to a chain of authority extending from top to the bottom of the organization and including every employee. a. unity of command b. division of labor c. unity of direction d. scalar chain e. None of these 92. Mary Parker Follett thought of leadership as ____ rather than techniques. a. systems b. top managers c. people d. efficiencies e. floor managers 93. Chester Bernard felt that ____ could help a poorly managed organization. a. bureaucracy b. line managers c. efficiencies d. informal relations e. top/down flow of information 94. The ____ emphasized the importance of understanding human behaviors needs and attitudes in the workplace as well as social interactions and group processes. a. humanistic perspective b. classical perspective c. scientific management d. bureaucratic organizations e. contingency perspective 95. Which of these refers to the management movement that was based on the idea that truly effective control comes from within the individual worker rather than from strict authoritarian control? a. Scientific management perspective b. Human resource perspective c. Management science perspective d. Behavioral sciences approach e. Human relations movement 96. Most early interpretations of the Hawthorne studies argued that the factor that best explained increased output was a. money. b. days off. c. human relations. d. lighting. e. free food. 97. A “dairy farm” view of management i.e. contented cows give more milk so satisfied workers will give more work was espoused by a. human relations management. b. human resource perspective. c. behavioral science approach. d. management science perspective. e. None of these. 98. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs started with which of these needs? a. Esteem b. Love c. Safety d. Physiological e. Belongingness 99. Tommy believes his employees are responsible creative and able to work with minimal direction. He is a a. Theory X manager. b. Theory Y manager. c. Theory Z manager. d. Theory A manager. e. contingency theory manager. 100. Beth Brant production supervisor at Trustworthy Tools Mfg. Inc. believes that her employees dislike work avoid responsibility and therefore they need to be controlled and directed. Beth is a a. Theory X manager. b. Theory Y manager. c. realistic manager. d. Theory Z manager. e. Theory J manager.
