1) When a memory is being formed several changes take place in the brain in a process called: consolidation. deep processing. automatic encoding. encoding specificity. 2) The _______ is the part of the brain that is responsible for the formation of new long-term declarative memories. cerebellum pons hippocampus hypothalamus 3) Explicit memory begins to form after about age two________________________. when events become important enough to be stored in memory when the hippocampus is more fully developed when children see their memories as though they were in a movie corresponding to the development of the frontal lobe 4) A research study found that people who look at real visual images and then are asked to simply imagine looking at visual images: often remember only some of the images. are often unable later to distinguish between the images they had really seen and the imagined images. are typically able later to distinguish between the images they had really seen and the imagined images. are often unable to remember any of the images. 5) Which of the following best describes psychologist John Kihlstrom’s comments when talking about Bartlett’s book on memory? Memory is more like making up a story than it is like reading a book. Memory is more like reading a book than it is like going to a movie. Memory is more like reading a book than it is like making up a story. Memory is more like a movie than it is like taking a photograph. 6) The system of working memory processes the information in: the hippocampus. short-term memory. the attention filter. long-term memory. 7) In a room filled with people where several conversations are going on you are able to hear your name being spoken. This is: eidetic imagery. maintenance rehearsal. chunking. the “cocktail-party effect.” 8) ________ memory refers to the awareness of the meanings of words concepts and terms as well as names of objects math skills and so on. Semantic Declarative Implicit Explicit 9) In their original study which explored how information is stored in long-term memory Collins and Quillian (1969) asked participants to respond “true” or “false” as quickly as possible to sentences such as “a canary is a bird” and “a canary is an animal.” The results of this study suggest that: information is processed through three different stages of memory. memory processes take place at different times over a small network of neural connections. information exists in a kind of network with nodes of related information linked to each other in a kind of hierarchy. information is encoded in memory in auditory form. 10) One may transfer information from short-term memory (STM) into long-term memory (LTM) by: chunking. rote learning. paying attention. elaborative rehearsal. 11) To answer the questions in this test which type of memory recall will you most frequently use? recall recognition state-dependent learning encoding specificity 12) To help students learn new psychology terms Professor Williams encourages the students to think deeply about the meaning of the words by asking them to provide examples of each term and to use each one in a sentence. Professor Williams is using which model of memory? semantic network information-processing parallel distributed processing levels-of-processing 13) Donyelle finds that she performs better on the exams that are given in her regular psychology classroom than in the large lecture room that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections at once. Donyelle’s experience illustrates: the role of the primacy effect. the importance of maintenance rehearsal in memory. the role of the recency effect. the importance of retrieval cues in memory. 14) Brenda called Mike while he was in the middle of the meeting to ask him to pick up some milk on his way home from work. When Mike got home he didn’t have the milk and Brenda was angry. Mike may have experienced selective memory. anterograde amnesia. memory blocking. encoding failure. 15) The set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain’s storage systems is called: rehearsal. encoding. retrieval. storage. 16) Psychologists consider memory to be: a passive storage bank of experiences. limited to encoding sensory information. an active system. only possible with effort. 17) Elizabeth Loftus’ research determined that: people tend to forget memories that are painful. flashbulb memories are rarely an accurate memory of the actual event. what people see and hear about an event after the fact can easily affect the accuracy of their memories of that event. eyewitness testimony is generally accurate and reliable. 18) Why do flashbulb memories seem so vivid and exact? Emotional reactions seem to stimulate the release of hormones that have been shown to enhance the formation of sensory memories. Emotional reactions seem to stimulate a person’s ability to engage in elaborative rehearsal that is known to enhance the formation of long-term memories. Emotional reactions seem to stimulate a person’s ability to engage in elaborative rehearsal that is known to enhance the formation of sensory memories. 19) A(n) ________ is a memory expert or someone with exceptional memory ability. phlebotomist amnesic memorist mnemonist 20) Ebbinghaus’s ________ shows that forgetting happens quickly within the first hour and then tapers off gradually. curve of forgetting distributed practice theory encoding failure theory interference theory
