Essay

 Essay question 1. 

 12.Explain what edge effect is and its potential effects on both abiotic and biotic factors. Describe one example from a peer-reviewed study. Give the citation by including the URL of the article. (2 and a 1/2 pages minimum) 

 Essay question 2. 

15.Explain the differences between species richness and species evenness of a community. How is each value quantified? Describe one example from a peer reviewed study using one or both of these values in studying a community. Give the citation by including the URL of the article. ( 2 page minimum) 

Essay question 3

 B1. Do you consider soil as non-living or living entity? Justify your answer. (1 and half pages minimum)