I have attached the questions.
https://www.mediafire.com/file/pdye8dkpwml9p6f/Nonverbal+Communication+TEXTBOOK.pdf/file
As you answer these questions, I encourage you to think of cues from different chapters (personal space, person perception, the face, the body, the voice, touch) because I am looking for integration of information. Because there are so many sources of information that could support your answers, I need you to cite where you have obtained your supporting evidence. Make absolutely sure to paraphrase all of the information. Use this as a guide:
- the text (just cite as Knapp et al., 2021 with a chapter number),
- lectures (cite these as Farley, chapter 10),
- the journal article summaries (actual articles are in the files directory and summaries are there too – cite the article as you would in APA-style with authors’ last names and date, Giacomin et al., 2021),
As a reminder, here is an example of an excellent submission
“A certain nonverbal behavior being universal suggests that most people throughout all different walks of life, born in different countries, cultures, genders, ages, etc. could interpret the same meaning from whatever nonverbal cue was being encoded and decoded (chapter 2, Knapp et al., 2021). The evidence to suggest that there are universal nonverbal cues begin from a biological, evolutionary perspective. An example of this is when newborns instinctively stretch their arms and fingers up in the air, also known as the Moro reflex, to communicate a need to be picked up (chapter 2, Knapp et al., 2021).The infant is not taught that behavior and is not mimicking that behavior from anyone else, and yet cross culturally we know that the child is communicating a need that we automatically know to respond to. Another piece of evidence suggesting certain behaviors are inherit and universal are the varying expressions of emotion like laughter, crying, anger, smiling, fear, etc. in children who were blind or deaf. They could not have as easily learned or picked up those auditory or visual cues, and yet research suggests that their physical manifestations of those emotions are roughly the same as able bodied individuals (chapter 2, Knapp et al., 2021). When discussing laughter specifically and the universality of that behavior, Bryant et al. (2018) found that across cultures and different native languages people were consistently able to distinguish between different types of laughter categorized by either spontaneous or volitional laughter. In other words, people all around the world regardless of what language they spoke were accurate in their ability to distinguish between the nonverbal vocalization of real and fake laughter. (Bryant et al., 2018). The text also cites the research on laughter and genuine smiles called (Duchenne) and non-genuine smiles (non-Duchenne) and how studies showed that people cross culturally were also able to distinguish the differences in those smiles (chapter 2, Knapp et al., 2021). Knapp et al. (2021) briefly mentions the role of laughter and smiling as functioning to communicate positive relationships between people.”
