The 1990s were considered: a. an era in which sex crime increased dramatically b. the decade of the predatory sex offender c. a time period in which states repealed sex offender reforms d. only 1. The

The 1990s were considered: a. an era in which sex crime increased dramatically b. the decade of the predatory sex offender c. a time period in which states repealed sex offender reforms d. only

1. The 1990s were considered:

a. an era in which sex crime increased dramatically

b. the decade of the predatory sex offender

c. a time period in which states repealed sex offender reforms

d. only a and c

QUESTION 2

2. In tracking trends of sex crime, victimization surveys typically distinguish between prevalence and incidence rates. What is the major difference between the two rates?.

a. Prevalence rates measure sexual victimization across a relatively short period of time (e.g., last year), whereas incidence rates measure victimization across one’s entire lifespan

b. Incidence rates measure sexual victimization across a relatively short period of time (e.g., last year), whereas prevalence rates measure victimization across one’s entire lifespan

.c. Prevalence rates measure sexual battery whereas incidence measures the occurrence of a sexual assault.

d. both a and c

QUESTION 3

3. Generally, sexual victimization among children has increased over the last few decades, but among adult men and women, has declined. a. True b. False

True

False

QUESTION 4

4. The textbook discussed biological theories to explain sex offending. Which of the following are true regarding the assumptions of this perspective?.b. It emphasizes that treatment interventions should address biological shortcomings..

a. It presumes that sexual deviance can be explained by physiological or neurological (e.g., brain functioning) factors

c. It can measure brain functioning through the use of battery tests or brain scans

d. all of the above are true

.e. only a and b are correct.

QUESTION 5

5. The textbook discussed hormone production and sex offending. Which hormone is typically implicated as contributing to increased sexual aggression in males?

a. estrogen

b. oxytocin.

c.testosterone

d. thyrotropin

e. progestogen

QUESTION 6

6. How does differential association could be applied to the study of sex crime. Which criminologist developed this theory?d

a. Beccaria

b. Bentham

c. Merton

d. Sutherland

QUESTION 7

7. The neutralization/drift perspective could be applied to the study of sex crime. Per this theory, the following rape myth, “Only certain, bad women are raped,” can be thought of as a rationalization that corresponds to . . .

a. denial of responsibility

b. denial of injury

c. denial of victim

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

QUESTION 8

8. The neutralization/drift perspective could be applied to the study of sex crime. Per this theory, the following rape myth, “Many women have an unconscious desire to be raped,” can be thought of as a rationalization that corresponds to . . .

a. denial of responsibility

b. denial of injury

c. denial of victim

d. all of the above

QUESTION 9

9. The feminist concept of “rape culture” emphasizes that the sexual objectification of women derives from biological, not socialization factors. a. True b. False

True

False

QUESTION 10

10. The textbook discussed historical themes in sex offender policy. The classical school of criminology—prominent in the Colonial Period—stressed what principles?

a. punishment should be proportionate to the harms stemming from crime.

b. laws should be enacted in advance of crime (i.e., no ex-post facto lawmaking)

c. deterrence should be a goal of punishment.

d. criminal justice procedures (e.g., trials) should be public and transparent.

e. all of the above are principles of the classical school and Colonial Period.

QUESTION 11

11. The textbook discussed historical themes in sex offender policy. The Jacob Wetterling Act and Megan’s Law—national registry and notification laws—were enacted during which decade?

a. 1950s

b. 1960s

c. 1980s

d. 1990s

e. 2000s

QUESTION 12

12. Per the text, the publication of Martinson’s “Nothing Works” article—which found no significant effect of rehabilitation programs—paved the way for the “get tough” era in criminal justice. a. True b. False

True

False

QUESTION 13

13. The textbook discussed historical themes in sex offender policy. Which law/laws are federal measures that have been enacted by all states?

a. chemical castration

b. registration

c. residence restrictions

d. community notification

e. both b and d

QUESTION 14

14. Differential association could be applied to the study of sex crime. Per this theory, which of the following influences likely contribute to offending?

a. pornography exposure

b. peer influence

c. testosterone production

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

QUESTION 15

15. According to the textbook, the social learning perspective hypothesizes that sex offending is “taught” to individuals through interaction with deviant others or agents. a. True b. False

True

False

QUESTION 16

16. The feminist perspective argues that patriarchy is partly responsible for the sexual victimization of women and young girls. a. True b. False

True

False

QUESTION 17

Etiology of offending behavior, sex offenders tend to have poor __________________________________________________________ skills.