Article
Qualitative researchers collect in-depth descriptive data about a particular topic to have adequate knowledge about the occurrence. Qualitative research is aimed at obtaining data from the participants which helps the researcher to understand their experiences and subsequently assist them to identify appropriate interventions (Green and Johnson, 2018). The three types of qualitative research, phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic can be evaluated by using similar methods, such as identifying common themes, gathering impressions, or collecting personal experiences and perceptions.
While phenomenological and ethnographic research seeks to understand lived experiences, phenomenological deals with individuals lived experiences and ethnography research seeks to understand a culture through individuals who actually live in that culture. Phenomenological research deals with individuals and their experiences while developing a concept, philosophy and narration based on their lived experience, whereas Ethnography research deals with values, beliefs, and practices of cultural groups in the context of ethnic population, society, community, organization, or a social world (Hamid, 2018). Although the studies are done in their natural settings and use a holistic approach to study the phenomena, the data collection approach is different. Phenomenological data is collected through only comprehensive interviews and conversations with participants whereas; ethnography collection is done through, related documents, articles significant informant interviews and observation which allow the researcher to live in the midst of the culture to extremely observe the environment under study (Grossoehme, 2014).
For phenomenological research, analyzing phenomena in this context means researchers may gather different views from various individuals to see how the phenomenon affects their life. An example of this would be mothers with children who have asthma attacks. The study would encompass every life aspect, from triggers, using and carrying inhalers everywhere, to allergies and manipulating the environment (Grossoehme, 2014). However, ethnography study is valuable when considering topics that are multi-factorial, or multi-cultural. For instance, to explore inflammatory bowel disease (IDB) among paediatrics and to understand the impacts it has on the family when a child is diagnosed with IDB the researcher conducted a study with 3 different families to inquire about how different types of parents and children adaption to the disease and to learn which tools will help different types of parents and children with IDB (Hamid, 2018).
References
Green, S. Z. and Johnson, J. L. (2018). Research Ethics and Evaluation of Qualitative Research. In Grand Canyon University (Ed). Nursing Research: Understanding Methods for Best Practice (Chapter 2). https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs433v/nursing-research-understanding-methods-for-best-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/2
Grossoehme D. H. (2014). Overview of qualitative research. Journal of health care chaplaincy, 20(3), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.925660
Hamid R. Jamali,(2018). Does research using qualitative methods (grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenology) have more impact?, Library & Information Science Research. 40, 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2018.09.002.
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