The Effects of Anti-Cancer Drugs on Cancer Outcomes
Introduction
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, accounting for 9.5 million deaths as of 2018. Thyroid Cancer is one of the most frequent endocrine malignancies, contributing to 3.4percent of all cancers in the United States each yearIndiniet al.(2022). While there has been significant progress in the development of new cancer treatments and the increase in the use of anticancer drugs over the past few years, the side effects of these drugs can be severe and sometimes life-threatening. However, there is still a lack of evidence regarding their efficacy and safety. As a result, it is critical to assess the benefits and risks of these medications before hospitals use them to treat cancer patients. This literature review aims to assess the benefits and risks of anticancer medicines in patients with advanced cancer. This literature study will aid in a deeper understanding of these medications and their prospective usage in cancer care.
Compare and Contrast
- What articles have similarities in each section below?
- Methodology
Silaghi et al. (2022) and Bachelard et al. (2021) conductedsystematic reviews and meta-analyses to investigate the risks and advantages of anticancer medications in patients with advanced cancer, as well as potential causes of resistance to such treatments. Both investigations looked for clinical trials in English written between the years 2000 through 2021 and followed the PRISMA criteria. Indini et al. (2022) employed a different technique conducting a systematic review of the function of the mTOR and NAD pathways in malignancy treatment, progression, and resistance. This study searched Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase for English language papers published between 2000 through 2021.
- Findings
Anticancer medication usage was related to a considerablerisk of death in advanced cancer patients, according to Silaghi et al. (2022)and Bachelard et al. (2021). However, the authors discovered that thesemedications were linked to a considerable increase in the likelihood ofsurviving for at least a year. Furthermore, the researchers discovered thatusing these medications was related to a considerable increase in the likelihood of living for more than five years. Their findings differedsignificantly from those of Indini et al. (2022), who discovered that the mTOR and NAD paths are responsible for drug resistance in malignant cells.Furthermore, the authors discovered that these pathways might be possibletargets for future treatment methods.
- Recommendations
Targeted therapy is recommended by Bachelard et al.(2021), Indini et al. (2022), and Silaghi et al. (2022) as potential therapeutic choices for individuals with advanced cancer who have completed standard-of-care treatment. They also emphasize the necessity of knowing medication resistance mechanisms to design more effective targeted therapeutics. Furthermore, they underline the need for trustworthy biomarkers in guiding treatment decisions. Finally, they examine the prospects of immunotherapeutic and combinatorial treatment as resistance-busting techniques for targeted therapeutics.
- What articles have differences in each section below?
- Methodology
There are major discrepancies in technique betweenstudies by Bachelard et al.(2021) and Indiniet al. (2022). Bachelard et al.(2021) assessed the benefits and dangers of anticancer medicines in advanced cancer patients using a meta-analysis and systematic review. Indiniet al.(2022)conducted a literature review to find the most recent guidelines, clinical and preclinical research, and novel perspectives in treating advanced, malignant RAIR-DTC. Both Bachelard (2021) and Indini et al. (2022) employed various databases and search phrases. Such databases included PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. Bachelard et al. (2021) explored clinical trials testing
Anti-cancer medications in adult patients with metastatic tumors, whereas Indiniet al. (2022) looked for publications about DTC therapy and innovative therapeutic approaches. It is also worth mentioning that Bachelard et al. (2021) included a data meta-analysis, butIndini et al. (2022) did not; this is the most likely because Bachelard (2021) was concerned with assessing the effectiveness of anticancer medications. In contrast, Indini et al. (2022) were concerned with locating the most recent recommendations and research on the therapy of DTC.
- Findings
Indini et al. (2022) had different results than Silaghiet al. (2022). While Indini et al. (2022) discovered that the mTOR and NAD paths play a role in drug resistance development in malignant cells, Silaghi et al. (2022) discovered that targeted therapy is a viable therapeutic option for thyroid cancer.
- Recommendations
When discussing therapy choices with advanced cancer patients, Bachelard et al. (2021) propose that adverse effects documented in clinical trials should be considered.
As prospective options for overcoming resistance, Indiniet al. (2022) propose combinatorial treatment, redifferentiation therapy, targeting alternative pathways and immunotherapy. Silaghi et al. (2022) propose targeted therapy for patients with distinguishable thyroid carcinoma who have developed resistanceto radioiodine treatment. They advocate salvage treatment for patients who failto respond to first-line Tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy.
References:
Indini, A., Fiorilla, I., Ponzone, L., Calautti, E., &Audrito, V. (2022). NAD/NAMPT and mTOR pathways in melanoma: Drivers of drug resistance and prospective therapeutic targets. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(17), 9985. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179985
Moreau Bachelard, C., Coquan, E., du Rusquec, P., Paoletti, X., & Le Tourneau, C. (2021). Risks and benefits of anticancer drugs in advanced cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 40, 101130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101130
Silaghi, H., Lozovanu, V., Georgescu, C. E., Pop, C., Nasui, B. A., Cătoi, A. F., &Silaghi, C. A. (2022). State of the art in the current management and future directions of targeted therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3470.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073470
