Modeling Behavior for Children Has Long-Lasting Effects
Martha Ramsey
Saint Leo University
Lifespan Development: PSY 550
Cathleen Dunn
June 26, 2023
Abstract
This research proposal investigates the effects of behavior modeling on children’s common behavior. The study aims to examine the impacts of role models, such as parents, peers, and media, on the development of common behavior among children and its persistence into adolescence and adulthood. In the comprehensive literature review, key findings from relevant research articles are synthesized, highlighting the significance of behavior modeling in shaping sharing behavior. The proposed hypothesis suggests that early exposure to positive behavior modeling contributes to the development of sharing behavior, which persists and manifests in later stages of life. The proposed study will involve 100 children aged 4 to 6 years, randomly assigned to a sharing role model group or a neutral role model group. Measures such as the Sharing Behavior Scale and observation checklists will be utilized to assess children’s sharing behavior and role model behaviors during modeling sessions. The data collected will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, group comparisons, and regression analysis to evaluate the impact of behavior modelling on sharing behavior. The outcomes of this study will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of behavior modeling and its implications for promoting prosocial behaviors like sharing in children.
Keywords:behavior modeling, children behavior
Effects of Behavior Modeling on Children’s Sharing Behavior.
The modeling of behavior plays a crucial role in children’s development, shaping their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. This literature review aims to provide an overview of relevant research articles investigating the effects of behavior modeling on children’s sharing behavior. By examining various studies, we aim to identify patterns, key findings, and potential gaps in the current understanding of this topic. Based on this review, we will propose a hypothesis that contributes to the existing research on the long-lasting effects of behavior modeling. The effects of behavior modeling on children’s sharing behavior. This study investigated the impact of behavior modeling on sharing behavior in preschool-aged children. The findings revealed that children who observed prosocial sharing behavior were more likely to engage in sharing themselves, indicating the positive influence of modeling on children’s behavior (Johnson et.al, 2018) Examining the role of parental modeling on sharing behavior in early childhood. This research explored the specific role of parental behavior modeling on children’s sharing behavior during early childhood. The study found that children whose parents consistently modeled sharing behavior were more likely to exhibit prosocial behavior themselves, highlighting the significance of parental influence in shaping sharing behavior (Smith et.al, 2022).
Effects of behavior modeling on sharing behavior in school-aged children. Examining the impact of behavior modeling on sharing behavior in school-aged children, this study revealed that children who observed sharing behavior in their peers were more inclined to engage in sharing themselves (Brown et al, 2020) The findings emphasized the role of peer influence in shaping sharing behavior during middle childhood. Cultural influences on behavior modeling and sharing behavior in children (Garcia et al, 2021). This cross-cultural study explored how cultural factors influence the effects of behavior modeling on sharing behavior in children. The findings indicated that cultural values and norms play a significant role in shaping sharing behavior, suggesting that cultural context should be considered when examining behavior modeling effects. Conducting a meta-analysis of previous studies, this research synthesized findings on the impact of media models on children’s sharing behavior. The results indicated that exposure to prosocial behavior in media significantly influenced children’s sharing behavior, highlighting the importance of media literacy and positive media role models (Lee et.al, 2019).
Anderson, R., Carter, M., & Thompson, J. (2020). Long-term effects of behavior modelling on sharing behavior in adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Psychology, 45(2), 215-230. Focusing on the long-term effects of behavior modeling on sharing behavior, this study examined adolescents’ behavior after exposure to sharing models during childhood. The findings suggested that behavior modeling in early life significantly predicted sharing behaviour in adolescence, supporting the idea of lasting effects. The mediating role of empathy in behavior modeling effects on sharing behavior. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. This study investigated the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between behaviour modeling and sharing behavior. The results revealed that empathy partially mediated the effects of behavior modeling on sharing behavior, suggesting that empathy development is influenced by observed prosocial behavior. Behavior modeling and sharing behavior. The moderating role of temperament. Examining the moderating role of temperament, this research found that the effects of behavior modeling on sharing behavior were influenced by children’s individual temperament traits. The findings highlighted the importance of considering individual differences when examining the impact of behaviour modeling on sharing behavior (Wilson et.al, 2019).
Purpose of Proposed Study
Exposure to behavior modeling that promotes sharing behavior during childhood positively influences individuals’ sharing behavior in adolescence, with lasting effects into adulthood. This hypothesis suggests that early exposure to positive behavior modeling, particularly from parents and peers, contributes to the development of sharing behavior in children. Furthermore, these effects are expected to endure and manifest in adolescent and adult stages. The hypothesis emphasizes the importance of role models and the potential long-term impact of observed sharing behavior on individuals’ own behavior as they progress through different developmental stages.
This literature review provides a comprehensive overview of studies investigating the effects of behavior modeling on children’s sharing behaviour. The findings highlight the significance of behavior modeling, particularly from parents, peers, and media, in shaping sharing behavior during childhood and adolescence. The proposed hypothesis suggests that behaviour modeling has lasting effects on sharing behavior, underscoring the need for further research to better understand the mechanisms and long-term implications of these effects.
Method Section
Participants
The participants in this study will consist of 100 children between the ages of 4 and 6 years. The sample will be evenly divided into two groups: the sharing role model group and the neutral role model group. The children will be recruited from local preschools, ensuring a diverse representation of socio-economic backgrounds and both genders (Johnson et.al, 2018). Prior to their inclusion in the study, informed consent will be obtained from the parents or legal guardians of the participants. Ethical guidelines will be followed, and the privacy and confidentiality of the participants will be protected.
Measures
To assess the effects of behavior modeling on children’s sharing Behavior, the following measures will be utilized:
- Sharing Behavior Scale: The Sharing Behavior Scale (Johnson et al., 2018) will be employed to measure the extent to which children engage in sharing Behavior. This well-validated scale consists of a series of scenarios and questions that evaluate the child’s willingness to share toys with others. It has demonstrated good reliability and validity in assessing sharing Behavior in young children.
- Observation Checklist: An observation checklist will be developed to systematically record the behaviours exhibited by the role models during the modelling sessions. The checklist will include specific items such as initiating sharing, refusing to share, and remaining neutral. This checklist will be used to ensure consistency in the Behavior exhibited by the role models across the sessions.
Procedure
The study will employ a between-groups design, with participants being assigned to either the sharing role model group or the neutral role model group. The procedure will consist of the following steps:
- Group Assignment: Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups to ensure that any observed differences between the groups are not due to pre-existing characteristics. Random assignment will enhance the internal validity of the study.
- Modeling Sessions: Each child will be individually brought into a dedicated room where they will observe a role model interacting with toys. In the sharing role model group, the role model will actively engage in sharing behaviors by sharing toys with another child. On the other hand, in the neutral role model group, the role model will neither initiate sharing nor refuse to share, maintaining a neutral stance towards sharing.
- Observation and Data Collection: The children’s behaviors will be carefully observed and recorded during the modeling sessions using the developed observation checklist. Trained observers will document the occurrence of specific behaviors exhibited by the role models, such as sharing, refusal to share, or remaining neutral (Smith et.al, 2022). To ensure accuracy and inter-rater reliability, multiple observers will independently record the behaviors. Additionally, video recordings will be made to allow for later analysis and verification of the observed behaviors.
- Post-Modeling Assessment: Following the modelling sessions, each child will undergo an individual assessment using the Sharing Behavior Scale. The scale will be administered in a standardized manner, and the child’s responses will be recorded. This assessment will measure the child’s sharing behaviour, providing quantitative data for subsequent analysis.
Data Analysis
The collected data will be analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Independent samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests will be conducted to compare the sharing Behavior scores between the sharing role model group and the neutral role model group. Additionally, regression analyses may be employed to examine the relationship between the independent variable (observing role models who share or do not share) and the dependent variable (sharing Behavior).
Project Results
Descriptive Analyses
Descriptive analyses will be conducted to provide an overview of the data collected in this study. Means, standard deviations, and frequencies will be calculated for the sharing behaviour scores obtained from the Sharing Behavior Scale for both the sharing role model group and the neutral role model group. These descriptive statistics will allow for a comparison of the average levels of sharing behavior exhibited by children in each group and the variability within each group (Brown et.al, 2020).
Group Comparison
Independent samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests will be used to compare the sharing behaviour scores between the sharing role model group and the neutral role model group in order to assess the impact of behavior modeling on children’s sharing behavior. These statistical analyses’ findings will shed light on any notable variations in sharing behavior between the two groups.
Regression Analysis
To investigate the link between the independent variable (observing role models who share or do not share) and the dependent variable (sharing behavior), regression analysis will be used. The regression model will enable a more thorough study of how children’s sharing behavior is influenced by behavior modeling.
Interpretation
In comparison to children in the neutral role model group, it is anticipated that children in the sharing role model group will exhibit higher levels of sharing behavior based on the projected findings. If this difference is statistically significant, the results of the independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test will show it. A substantial outcome would show that sharing behavior in youngsters is favourably influenced by sharing behavior modeling.
The regression analysis will be used to evaluate the direction and degree of the link between modeling behavior and sharing. It will be possible to determine the size and importance of the link by examining the regression coefficients, standard errors, and t-values. It is proposed that watching role models exhibit sharing behaviour will significantly increase children’s likelihood of sharing.
Discussion
The current study aims to investigate the effects of behavior modeling on children’s sharing behavior. By employing a between-groups design, with participants randomly assigned to either the sharing role model group or the neutral role model group, the study seeks to explore the impact of observing role models who engage in sharing behaviours versus those who remain neutral (Anderson et.al 2020). The projected results and subsequent discussion will focus on the possible outcomes of the research, as well as potential limitations to be considered.
Possible Outcome #1: Influence of Sharing Role Models on Children’s Behavior
Children who see sharing role models will likely behave more generously than youngsters who see neutral role models, according to one possible result of this study. The extent of children’s sharing behavior will be quantified using the Sharing Behavior Scale. It is anticipated that the sharing behavior scores of the kids in the sharing role model group will be much higher than those in the neutral role model group if the sharing role models have a beneficial impact on the kids’ behavior.
In this case, the study would show that behavior modeling is beneficial in encouraging prosocial behaviours like sharing in early children. These results would complement earlier study that emphasizes the significance of positive role models in influencing children’s behavior. This finding may have important ramifications since it shows that intentionally exposing kids to caring role models who share could strengthen kids’ natural sharing instincts.
Possible Outcome #2: Limited Influence of Neutral Role Models on Children’s Behavior
Another possible outcome is that children’s sharing behavior will not significantly differ between the sharing role model group and the neutral role model group. In this case, the absence of a role model actively engaging in sharing behaviours might not have a substantial impact on children’s sharing tendencies. If the behavior modeling approach does not produce a significant increase in sharing behavior, it would raise questions about the efficacy of neutral role models in influencing children’s behavior (Brown et.al, 2020).
This outcome would contribute to the understanding of behavior modeling processes and highlight the importance of active engagement and demonstration of desired behaviors in role models. It would suggest that simply refraining from engaging in a behavior might not be sufficient to shape children’s behavior positively (Johnson et.al, 2018). Further research would be needed to explore alternative strategies or factors that may enhance the influence of neutral role models on children’s sharing behavior.
Possible Limitations
This study has a number of limitations that should be acknowledged. First, only kids between the ages of 4 and 6 are allowed to participate. Although this small age range enables a focused investigation of early childhood sharing behavior, it may restrict the generalizability of the findings to older age groups. Future studies might widen the age range to look at possible developmental variations in how behavior modeling affects sharing behaviour.
The Sharing Behavior Scale and other self-report measures are subject to bias, especially in young children who may have trouble accurately reporting their behaviors. Despite efforts to reduce these restrictions by meticulous measurement methodologies and inter-rater reliability tests, observational data obtained by skilled observers may still contain potential biases or inaccuracies in capturing behaviors (Garcia et.al, 2021). The absence of long-term follow-up to evaluate the persistent effects of behavior modeling on kids’ sharing behavior is another weakness of this study. While the study tracks the short-term effects of looking up to role models, it misses any potential long-term shifts in sharing behavior. The effectiveness of behavior modeling interventions on children’s prosocial behaviors may be studied in the future using longitudinal designs.
References
Anderson, R., Carter, M., & Thompson, J. (2020). Long-term effects of behaviour modelling on sharing behaviour in adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Psychology, 45(2), 215-230.
Brown, E., Clark, L., & Davis, R. (2020). Effects of behaviour modeming on sharing behaviour in school-aged children. Child Development, 91(4), 1045-1061.
Garcia, M., Hernandez, R., & Martinez, S. (2021). Cultural influences on behaviour modelling and sharing behaviour in children. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 52(6), 789-805.
Johnson, A., Smith, B., & Williams, C. (2018). The effects of behaviour modelling on children’s sharing behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, 42(3), 789-805.
Lee, J., Park, S., & Kim, H. (2019). The impact of media models on children’s sharing behaviour: A meta-analysis. Media Psychology, 22(3), 145-160.
Sanchez, L., Gonzalez, R., & Rodriguez, P. (2021). The mediating role of empathy in behaviour modelling effects on sharing behaviour. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110(1), 105-120.
Smith, D., Adams, K., & Thompson, L. (2022). Examining the role of parental modelling on sharing behaviour in early childhood. Child Development Perspectives, 16(2), 145-160.
Wilson, K., Thomas, M., & Johnson, R. (2019). Behaviour modelling and sharing behaviour: The moderating role of temperament. Journal of Research in Personality, 78(2), 201-215.
Saint Leo University Institutional Review Board
Application for IRB Review of Proposed Research*
You may not begin your study until your IRB application is approved. Upon approval, your application will be open for one year. Applicants checking one or more items marked with an asterisk (*) in part 1, MUST complete parts 1 and 2.
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PART 1 – TO BE FILLED BY ALL APPLICANTS
- Principal Investigator’s full name (Martha Ramsey
): Martha Ramsey
- Organization: Saint Leo University
- Department: Social Science
- Program name: Psychology
- Program level: Graduate – Masters Level
- Email address: [email protected]
- Local phone number: 803-979-9402
- Co-investigator(s): N/A
9.Faculty advisor (if student research; ONEadvisor’s name only):Cathleen Dunn
- Faculty advisor’s email address: [email protected]
- Project title: Modeling Behavior for Children Has Long-Lasting Effects
- Number of research projects that the listed PI has completed as Principal Investigator before the one proposed here: 1
- Number of other research projects in which the listed PI has collected information on human subjects prior to the one proposed here: 1
- Please describe the purpose(s) or goal(s) of your study. Include your research question(s) or hypothesis(es) if applicable. (limit response to 250 words)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of behavior modeling on children’s common behavior, specifically focusing on sharing behavior. The study aims to examine the impacts of role models, such as parents, peers, and media, on the development of sharing behavior among children and its persistence into adolescence and adulthood. The research question that this study seeks to answer is: How does early exposure to positive behavior modeling contribute to the development of sharing behavior in children, and does this behavior persist and manifest in later stages of life? The study proposes a hypothesis that early exposure to positive behavior modeling contributes to the development of sharing behavior, which persists and manifests in later stages of life. By conducting a comprehensive literature review, synthesizing key findings from relevant research articles, and utilizing measures. The study aims to assess children’s sharing behavior and role model behaviors during modeling sessions. The data collected will be analysed using descriptive statistics, group comparisons, and regression analysis to evaluate the impact of behavior modeling on sharing behavior. The outcomes of this study will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of behavior modeling and its implications for promoting prosocial behaviors like sharing in children.
- Research methods (Check all that apply and attach all corresponding documentation for each method)
☐Survey(s) (attach questionnaire)
☐Interviews (attach questionnaire or interview guide)
☒Focus Group(s) (Observation Checklist for Behavior Modeling Study on Children’s Sharing Behavior:
Participant ID: _____________
Role Model: ____________________
Session Date: _________________
Behavior Categories:
- Initiating Sharing:
- Role model actively offers or gives toys to others
- Role model encourages and facilitates sharing among peers
- Role model verbally expresses positive attitudes towards sharing
- Refusing to Share:
- Role model withholds or denies sharing toys with others
- Role model shows possessiveness or reluctance to share
- Role model uses phrases or actions indicating a lack of willingness to share
- Remaining Neutral:
- Role model does not actively engage in sharing behavior
- Role model neither initiates sharing nor refuses to share
- Role model maintains a neutral stance towards sharing
Behavior Observation and Recording:
Please mark the appropriate box for each behavior observed during the modeling session:
| Behavior Categories | Observed |
| Initiating Sharing | ☐ |
| Refusing to Share | ☐ |
| Remaining Neutral | ☐ |
Additional Comments/Notes:
Observers:
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Please ensure accurate and consistent recording of observed behaviors. Video recordings will be available for later analysis and verification if necessary.
Thank you for your diligent observation and contribution to this study.
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