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In my project we have to design a new virus so for that we combine two viruses so we choose outer layer of virus from enterovirus and inner layer is from Adenovirus. So here is the pdf of these two question now you just need to add main stuff from this pdf into power point … Read more

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Has your view of what constitutes an individual entity – such as an individual human, individual tree, individual spider, etc. – changed with knowing that there are just as many, if not more, microbial cells inhabiting that individual than the individual’s own cells? Explain why or why not

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If you look at the phylogenies of the Neandertal haplotypes discussed in the Zeberg and Pääbo studies, they look a bit different. For the haplotype on chromosome 3, it is clear that they came from a particular population of Neandertals (perhaps a population related to the individual sequenced from the Vindija cave). The phylogenetic tree … Read more

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In Zeberg and Pääbo (2020), Figure 1a is showing a Manhattan plot. The Y-axis is significance, but what is it showing the significance of? (10 points) In Figure 1B, the bar represents the core Neanderthal haplotype. There is near-complete LD of variants within this core haplotype. However, LD with variants starts to drop outside of … Read more

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We have spent two modules talking about natural selection. If you could choose one organism in which to understand the genomic signature of natural selection, what would it be and why? How would you go about understanding selection for your organism?

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1. Take a look at Extended Data Figure 3 from Huerta-Sánchez et al (2014). How does this figure emphasize that the Tibetan allele for EPAS1 came from Denisovans? (10 points) 2. You are given the following seven aligned sequences from a single population (variants with respect to the first sequence are shown in bold). Justify … Read more

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1. Define the following terms: polymorphism, SNP, indel, CNV, homologous site, non-synonymous site, synonymous site. 2. Three populations exist for the coffee-colored oak. The Fst between populations 1 and 2 is 0.03, the Fst between populations 1 and 3 is 0.1. In a few sentences (max three sentences), explain what these numbers mean.